
Azoospermia Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
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Azoospermia Causes, Symptoms & Treatment
Azoospermia is a common condition where a man does not have any sperm in his ejaculate. It results in the inability to reproduce and can occur due to various reasons. There are two types of this condition due to the different factors causing a lack of sperm.
- Obstructive Azoospermia: This is caused by a blockage that is preventing the sperm from exiting the testes.
- Non-obstructive Azoospermia: This is due to the low production or non-occurrence of sperms in the testes.
Both issues can be accurately diagnosed and rectified through surgical procedures like PESA and TESA. Percutaneous Epididymal Sperm Aspiration (PESA) and Testicular Sperm Aspiration (TESA) are techniques that are used to extract sperm from a man if he has azoospermia of either kind.
PESA is the ideal procedure for obstructive azoospermia, where a fine needle is passed into the epididymis to extract the sperm in the event of a blockage. TESA, on the other hand, is suitable for diagnosing non-obstructive azoospermia. A fine needle is directly inserted into the testes to extract a small number of seminiferous tubules; the extracted tubules are then sent to the laboratory to be searched for sperm.
The number of sperms obtained through these procedures are very small and are thus done in tandem with a process known as ICSI (Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection). The process entails the extracted sperms to be directly injected into the eggs for fertilisation after their collection during IVF. These fertilised eggs are incubated in the laboratory for a few days before the embryo is transferred into the uterus.
FAQs
Post testicular Azoospermia: Caused due to problems with ejaculation, which can be obstructed due to some abnormality or defect in the reproductive tract.
- Erectile dysfunction
- low sex drive
- decreased hair on the face or body
- discomfort, lump or swelling around the testicles
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First step towards infertility is correct diagnosis and NOT treatment.

Blood Test
A fertility blood test is used to measure your hormone levels and is usually the first fertility test that your doctor will prescribe if you are finding it difficult to conceive and suspect that you may be infertile.

Semen Analysis
A semen analysis is often recommended when couples are having problems getting pregnant. The test will help a doctor determine if a man is infertile.

Free Counselling
Motherhood Psychological counselling is necessary for patients undergoing infertility treatments to ensure that their anxiety and stress levels are not aggravated.

Ultrasound
The primary use of imaging in infertility is to assist clinicians to diagnose the ethology of a couple’s infertility and to assist in the delivery of safe, effective treatments that will lead to a high probability of conception.

Ovulation Induction
Ovulation Induction involves taking medications to stimulate the development of female eggs in the ovaries.

IUI
Intra Uterine Insemination is a treatment used for treating infertility. It involves placing male sperms directly inside a women’s uterus to facilitate fertilisation.

ICSI/IVF
Vitro Fertilization is one of the Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) commonly referred to as IVF or Advance IVF.

PESA/TESA
Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) is the best option for many couples struggling with infertility.

Endoscopic Fertility Surgeries
Uterine problems such as endometrial polyps, a uterine septum or intrauterine scar tissue can be treated with hysteroscopic surgery.

Egg & Sperm Donor Program
Most ART is done using the woman’s own eggs and her partner’s sperm. However, if there are severe problems with either the eggs or sperm,
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