It is not uncommon for women to experience occasional changes in their intimate health. For instance, a bit of discomfort, irritation, or changes in discharge. But if these sensations persist or come with itching, burning, or an unusual odour, it might indicate vaginitis, which is an inflammation or infection of the vagina.
This issue is faced by many women, even if it is not something that’s often openly discussed. By understanding what vaginitis is, the different types, possible causes, and treatment options, you can better recognise symptoms early and seek the right care.
What is Vaginitis and Why Does It Happen?
Vaginitis is a condition that causes inflammation in the vagina, often triggered by infections, hormonal shifts, or irritation. This can throw off the natural balance of the vaginal flora, particularly the Lactobacilli that help keep the vaginal pH in check, leading to an overgrowth of other microbes. When this balance is disrupted, it can result in a vaginal infection or irritation.
Symptoms like itching or unusual discharge can appear before more noticeable signs, so catching it early can be beneficial. However, not every case of abnormal discharge or irritation means you have vaginitis, but if the symptoms stick around, it is definitely a good idea to get it checked out
Types of Vaginitis
Let’s take a closer look at the common types of vaginitis and what sets them apart:
- Bacterial Vaginosis (BV)
This is often seen as the most prevalent cause of vaginitis. In cases of BV, the usual vaginal bacteria get pushed aside by anaerobic organisms like Gardnerella. You might notice a thin grey or white discharge that has a fishy smell, particularly after sex. The vaginal pH tends to be higher than 4.5.
- Vulvovaginal Candidiasis (Yeast Vaginitis / Candida Vaginitis)
This type is triggered by an overgrowth of Candida species, most commonly Candida albicans. Symptoms often include a thick, white discharge, along with intense itching, burning sensations, redness, or swelling. The discharge is usually odourless.
- Trichomoniasis
This is a parasitic infection that’s often transmitted through sexual contact. It can lead to frothy, yellow-green discharge, a strong odour, and irritation, causing discomfort during sex or urination.
- Atrophic / Hormonal / Irritant Vaginitis
This occurs when the vaginal lining thins out due to low estrogen levels or when irritants cause inflammation. Common reasons include soaps, douches, scented products, fabric softeners, or changes that come with menopause.
- Mixed or Recurrent Forms
Sometimes, more than one factor can be at play, like a combination of BV and Candida vaginitis. If you are dealing with recurring cases, it might be necessary to dig a little deeper and get specialised assistance from your gynaecologist.
Vaginitis Causes and Risk Factors
Understanding the causes of vaginitis is key to preventing it from coming back:
- When the balance of vaginal flora is disrupted, it can lead to bacterial vaginosis (BV) due to a loss of beneficial bacteria.
- An overgrowth of Candida can occur from factors like antibiotics, high estrogen levels, diabetes, or a weakened immune system.
- You might also encounter a parasitic infection caused by Trichomonas vaginalis.
- Hormonal shifts, such as a decline in estrogen after menopause or during menopause itself, can play a role.
- Additionally, exposure to irritants like scented soaps, douches, perfumed products, or harsh detergents can contribute to the issue.
- Risk factors include having multiple sexual partners, douching, a new sexual partner, poor hygiene practices, or changes in the products you use for vaginal care.
Signs & Symptoms of Vaginitis
Keep an eye out for the signs and symptoms of vaginitis. While they often overlap, they can differ depending on the cause:
- You might experience itching, burning, irritation, or discomfort in the genital area.
- Watch for abnormal vaginal discharge, which can change in colour, consistency, amount, or smell.
- Fishy odour is often a sign of BV.
- You may also feel pain or discomfort during intercourse (dyspareunia) or a burning sensation when urinating.
- Redness or swelling of the vulva or vaginal tissues can also occur.
Diagnosis & Evaluation of Vaginitis
It might be easy to brush off mild itching or reach for an over-the-counter solution. However, treating symptoms without understanding the underlying cause can make things worse. Here is why it is crucial to see a doctor as soon as you start feeling any vaginal discomfort:
- Accurate diagnosis: Many infections can look similar to one another. Only a lab test or a thorough examination can pinpoint the exact type of vaginitis you might have.
- Prevent complications: If left untreated, infections can lead to serious issues like pelvic inflammatory disease (PID), infertility, or complications during pregnancy.
- Avoid recurrence: Treating the symptoms without tackling the root cause often results in repeated flare-ups.
- Protect sexual health: Some infections, like Trichomoniasis, can be passed on during sex. Getting treated promptly helps prevent spreading it to your partner.
Relieve discomfort faster: With the right treatment, symptoms like itching, burning, or unusual discharge can clear up quickly and safely.
Vaginitis Prevention
Taking preventive measures can help cut down on the chances of vaginitis coming back:
- Avoid Harsh Products and Douching
Steering clear of douches, scented soaps, bubble baths, and strong detergents is key to keeping your vagina’s natural pH balance and healthy bacteria intact. Using these products can lead to irritation and increase the chances of infections like bacterial vaginosis or yeast vaginitis. Instead, opt for gentle, unscented cleansers and let your body’s natural flora do its thing to maintain balance.
- Choose Breathable Cotton Underwear
Go for cotton underwear and loose-fitting clothes that allow for good air circulation. Synthetic fabrics and tight clothing can trap moisture and heat, creating a conducive environment for bacteria and yeast to thrive.
- Change Out of Damp Clothes Promptly
Sitting around in sweaty gym clothes or wet swimsuits for too long can encourage bacterial or fungal growth. Make it a habit to switch into dry clothes soon after exercising or swimming to keep your genital area dry and healthy.
- Practice Proper Hygiene Habits
Always remember to wipe properly after using the restroom. This simple practice helps prevent bacteria from spreading, which can lower your risk of infections.
- Practice Safe Sex
If you have new or multiple sexual partners, using condoms or other barrier methods can significantly reduce your risk of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which are a common cause of vaginitis.
- Manage Diabetes Effectively
For those with diabetes, keeping your blood sugar levels in check is crucial. High blood sugar can promote yeast growth, making vaginal infections more likely and harder to treat.
- Limit Unnecessary Antibiotic Use
Overusing antibiotics can upset the natural balance of good bacteria in your vagina, increasing your risk of developing vaginitis. Only take antibiotics when prescribed and be sure to follow your doctor’s advice closely.
- Consider Vaginal Estrogen
For postmenopausal women, lower estrogen levels can lead to vaginal dryness and thinning, raising the risk of infections. Under medical supervision, vaginal estrogen therapy can help restore moisture and support vaginal health.
Conclusion
Vaginitis is a common issue that can be uncomfortable. However, with the right diagnosis, vaginitis treatment, and preventive habits, most cases can be managed effectively. Do not ignore persistent itching, unusual discharge, or any odour and address these issues early on to keep your comfort and reproductive health intact.
If your symptoms continue or come back, do not hesitate to seek professional help. Trust Motherhood IVF for comprehensive testing, accurate diagnosis, and caring, personalised support to help restore your vaginal health and peace of mind.
Frequently Asked Questions about Vaginitis
Can vaginitis go away on its own?
Sometimes, mild yeast infections or bacterial vaginosis (BV) can clear up on their own. However, counting on self-healing can lead to worsening symptoms, so it is always a good idea to consult a healthcare professional.
Is vaginitis always sexually transmitted?
Trichomoniasis is indeed a sexually transmitted infection (STI). But bacterial vaginosis and yeast infections often stem from internal imbalances or non-sexual factors, such as taking antibiotics or experiencing hormonal shifts.
What is the most common cause of vaginitis?
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is generally recognised as the leading cause of vaginitis, particularly among women of reproductive age who experience vaginal discharge and odour.
When should I see a doctor about vaginitis?
If you observe symptoms for more than a week, get worse, keep coming back, or are accompanied by pelvic pain, bleeding, fever, or discomfort during sex or urination, it is time to seek medical attention right away.
This blog is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for medical advice. Please consult a qualified healthcare professional or fertility specialist for diagnosis and treatment.