Author: Dr. Anshu Yadav
Qualification : MBBS, MD Obstetrics and Gynaecology (AIIMS, Delhi), DNB, DM Reproductive medicine AIIMS, Delhi (cont.)
Male Infertility Explained: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment
Infertility is defined as the inability to achieve pregnancy despite being sexually active and not using any contraceptive method for at least a year. It may result due to an issue with either of the partners, or a combination of factors that affect fertility. Typically a self-diagnosable disorder, infertility affects millions across the world. It is estimated that over 30 million men and women in India suffer from infertility.

What is Male Infertility, and how common is it? To put it simply, male infertility means that a man has some sort of reproductive disorder due to which he’s unable to have children. Studies have shown that 15% of couples fail to conceive even after trying consistently for a year, and 10% for 2 years. Many fertility doctors suggest that in the case of couples who are still younger than 30 years of age and healthy, 20%-37% of couples are generally able to conceive within the first three months. Male infertility is on rise in the recent years accounting for 50% of all the cases due to increase in obesity, smoking, alcoholism, altered lifestyle and dietary patterns In almost half of cases man is responsible for infertility. Common causes of male infertility In order to reproduce, the male partner must be able to have an erection and ejaculate, for the sperm to reach the egg. In order to conceive a child, it is equally important to produce healthy sperm that can fertilise the egg. Testicle or testis is the reproductive organ that produces sperm. There are various causes which may be responsible for causing infertility in man:
- Erection or ejaculation problems
- Hormonal problems
- Problems in sperm production (in the testis) or sperm passage (obstruction in the passage of sperms)
- Infection in the genital or urinary tract
- Enlarged testicular veins (varicocele)
- Genetic disease
- Genital Cancer
- Immune disorder
- Received gonadotoxic treatment in the past
- Hernial surgery or trauma to genital area
- Thyroid disorder and diabetes mellitus
- Reduced semen volume.
- Reduced sexual desire.
- Erectile dysfunction.
- Pain or swelling in the testis.
- Recurrent respiratory infections.
- Reduced sperm count.
- Exercise regularly.
- Maintain healthy body weight.
- Avoid consumption of alcohol, tobacco and other drugs.
- Follow a healthy and balanced diet.
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